All our electronic signature guides
Practical, up-to-date resources to choose and deploy a compliant signature solution suited to your business.
The essentials
Electronic Signature: Complete Guide
Definitions, eIDAS levels (SES/AES/QES), legal framework, use cases, differences from handwritten signatures — the reference guide.
Read the guideeIDAS: The European Regulation Explained
Everything about eIDAS 1.0, the eIDAS 2.0 transition, requirements for trust service providers and what changes for you.
Read the guideComparison of Electronic Signature Solutions
Certyneo, DocuSign, Yousign, Adobe Sign: functional, pricing and legal comparison to choose the right platform.
Read the guideElectronic Signature in Enterprise
Deploy electronic signature in your organisation: change management, integrations, ROI, security, GDPR compliance.
Read the guideLegal value of the electronic signature
Evidence by level (SES, AES, QES), admissibility before the courts and legal framework: eIDAS Art. 25 and Civil Code 1366-1367.
Read the guideQualified Signature (QES)
The highest level of eIDAS: when QES is mandatory, how to obtain it and what it changes legally.
Read the guideElectronic Signature and GDPR
EU hosting, Cloud Act, DPA and transfers outside EU: complete guide for DPOs and compliance officers.
Read the guideMigrate from DocuSign or Yousign to Certyneo
Complete guide to migrate your document base and workflows from DocuSign or Yousign: audit, export, mapping, re-import, go-live.
Read the guideAutomate electronic signature with Make
Build a Make scenario that triggers, tracks and archives your Certyneo signatures without writing code.
Read the guideMake vs Zapier for electronic signature
Comparison of the two automation platforms for your Certyneo signature workflows: pricing, visual logic and use cases.
Read the guideMake + Google Sheets: track your signatures
Automatically log each signed envelope in a Google Sheets spreadsheet thanks to Make and Certyneo.
Read the guideSector-specific guides
Electronic Signature for HR
Employment contracts, amendments, consensual terminations: everything you need to know about electronic signatures in human resources.
Read the guideElectronic signature for real estate
Lease, mandate, purchase agreement, property condition report: legal framework (Hoguet Law, ALUR, ELAN, SRU) and best practices for electronic signatures in real estate.
Read the guideElectronic signature for legal matters
Lawyer deeds, litigation, corporate deeds: uses and guarantees for legal professions.
Read the guideSignature in banking & insurance
Credit, KYC, insurance subscription: DSP2, LCB-FT and eIDAS compliance for the financial sector.
Read the guideSignature for chartered accountants
Engagement letters, certificates and packages: digitalize the client relationship of an accounting firm.
Read the guideDSP2 & strong authentication (SCA)
What DSP2 requires in terms of strong authentication and how electronic signature fits into it.
Read the guideSign from your tools
Word electronic signature: sign a document in .docx format
Word signature line vs real eIDAS: the reliable method of signing a Word document and its legal value.
Read the guideSign an Excel document
Sign an Excel workbook electronically: methods, format limitations and compliant PDF alternative.
Read the guideSign a Google Docs document
Sign from Google Docs / Workspace: native options and eIDAS-compliant signature workflow.
Read the guideSign a PowerPoint presentation
Get a PowerPoint support signed: conversion, legal value and validation workflow.
Read the guideSign a document on iPhone
Sign a PDF from an iPhone or iPad: Markup, dedicated apps and eIDAS-compliant signature on the go.
Read the guideSign a document on Android
Sign a PDF from an Android phone: native options, applications and signature with legal value.
Read the guideScanned handwritten signature: what legal value?
Why a digital signature is legally weak (Articles 1366-1367 of the Civil Code) and the real alternative: eIDAS compliant electronic signature.
Read the guideTrust, proof & archiving
Digital signature certificate & certificate authority
X.509 certificates, PKI, certificate authority, eIDAS qualified certificate: understand the chain of trust that makes a digital signature verifiable.
Read the guideElectronic time stamping: simple, qualified and legally valid
Simple vs qualified time stamping, eIDAS evidentiary value (Art. 41-42), RFC 3161 and use cases: proof of priority, integrity over time and archiving.
Read the guideHSM (Hardware Security Module)
The role of certified HSMs in qualified signature: key protection, certifications and eIDAS framework.
Read the guideElectronic archiving & probative value
Keeping a signature with probative value: NF Z42-013 and ISO 14641 standards, legal retention periods, the PAdES B-LTA format, and eIDAS 2.0 qualified archiving.
Read the guideThe digital safe: the complete guide
What is a digital evidence-based safe: standard NF Z42-020, fingerprint, qualified time stamping, immutability (WORM), difference with cloud storage, individual and enterprise use cases.
Read the guideElectronic signature in court
Admissibility, probative force and case law: how an electronic signature holds up before the judge.
Read the guideBurden of proof and signature
Who must prove what in case of dispute over an electronic signature: SES, AES and QES regimes.
Read the guideeIDAS 2.0: what's changing
European wallet, new trust services, timeline: eIDAS 2.0 regulation explained.
Read the guideElectronic invoicing
Electronic invoicing: the complete guide
Reform, timeline, formats and platforms: understand everything about mandatory electronic invoicing.
Read the guide2026 invoicing reform
Timeline, obligations and steps of the French B2B electronic invoicing reform.
Read the guideChoosing your PDP
Partner dematerialization platforms: role, registration and selection criteria.
Read the guidePDP vs PPF
Understanding the division of roles between partner platforms and public invoicing portal.
Read the guideE-reporting: the guide
Transmission of transaction data to the administration: scope, deadlines and procedures.
Read the guideFactur-X, UBL and CII formats
The three electronic invoice formats of the French framework: structure, differences and use cases.
Read the guideViDA: VAT in the digital age
The ViDA European package: cross-border e-invoicing, digital reporting and timeline.
Read the guideElectronic invoicing in Europe: country overview
Overview of e-invoicing reforms in the EU: ViDA, EN 16931, Peppol and country-by-country timeline.
Read the guideElectronic invoicing in Germany
XRechnung, ZUGFeRD and B2B obligations: electronic invoicing on the German side.
Read the guideElectronic invoicing in Belgium
Peppol, 2026 obligations and coexistence with French reform: the Belgian case.
Read the guideElectronic invoicing in Spain
Facturae, Crea y Crece law and Verifactu: where Spain stands on electronic invoicing.
Read the guideElectronic invoicing in Italy
FatturaPA and SDI: the Italian system, European pioneer of mandatory electronic invoicing.
Read the guideElectronic invoicing in Poland
KSeF: the Polish national electronic invoicing system and its timeline.
Read the guideIdentity verification & compliance
Online identity verification: methods and levels
Overview of remote identity verification methods, the PVID framework and eIDAS assurance levels.
Read the guideDematerialised KYC & AML-CFT
Remote onboarding: identity verification, AML-CFT obligations and compliant signature.
Read the guideCorporate KYC / KYB
Verify the identity of a company and its beneficial owners: registers, documents and process.
Read the guideAML-CFT obligations
Anti-money laundering: who is subject to it, what diligence and what sanctions.
Read the guideSanctions lists & asset freezing
Screening of sanctions lists: obligations, tools and integration into the KYC process.
Read the guideIBAN verification
Prevent wire transfer fraud: IBAN verification methods and integration into processes.
Read the guideDocument fraud
Detect forged documents: fraud techniques, warning signs and automated controls.
Read the guideContract lifecycle management (CLM)
Contract Lifecycle Management (CLM)
The complete guide to Contract Lifecycle Management: the 7 phases of a contract's lifecycle, benefits and management levers.
Read the guideRedlining & contract negotiation
Negotiate a contract effectively: redlining, versions and validation workflow before signature.
Read the guideContract renewals
Deadlines, tacit renewals and notice periods: never suffer an unwanted renewal again.
Read the guideContract repository
Centralize your contracts: single repository, metadata and search to manage your portfolio.
Read the guideMonitoring contractual obligations
Track commitments, milestones and deliverables after signature: methodology and tools.
Read the guideContract analysis by AI
What AI can extract and verify in a contract: clauses, risks, limitations and best practices.
Read the guideEuropean digital identity (EUDI)
European digital identity wallet
Understanding the EUDI Wallet provided by eIDAS 2.0: definition, deployment timeline and concrete use cases.
Read the guideEuropean digital identity (PID)
The PID of the European wallet: content, issuance by Member States and use cases for businesses.
Read the guideEUDI Wallet in business
Use cases of the European digital identity wallet for businesses: KYC, signature, HR.
Read the guideSign with the eIDAS wallet
How the European digital identity wallet will enable qualified signature.
Read the guideElectronic attestations (EAA)
Attribute attestations under eIDAS 2.0 regulation: diplomas, mandates, powers.
Read the guideDigital sovereignty
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