Integrity (of data)
Definition
Frequently asked questions
Why is integrity a legal requirement?
Because Article 1366 of the Civil Code only recognizes electronic writing having the same probative force as paper on the condition that it is established and preserved in conditions of a nature to guarantee its integrity. A document that could be modified without leaving a trace would prove nothing about what the parties actually agreed to.
How is the integrity of a signed document verified?
At the time of signature, a fingerprint of the document is calculated and then sealed in the signature. During verification, the software recalculates the fingerprint of the file before it and compares it to the one that was sealed. The slightest difference, even of a single character, causes the comparison to fail and signals that the document has been modified.
Integrity and authenticity, are they the same thing?
No. Integrity ensures that the content has not changed. Authenticity ensures that it comes from the announced person. A document can be integral without knowing who produced it. Electronic signature provides both at once: the fingerprint ensures integrity, the signer's certificate ensures authenticity.
Can a signed document still be modified?
Technically yes, but the modification is visible. Any alteration of the content invalidates the signatures already affixed, and the PDF reader indicates this. Some formats allow additions planned in advance, such as the affixing of an additional signature or a timestamp, without calling into question the previous signatures.
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