Trademark classes explained
Trademarks aren't registered in the abstract — they're registered for specific goods and services, grouped into classes. Here's how that works.
The Nice Classification
US trademarks use the international Nice Classification, which divides all goods and services into 45 classes: 34 for goods and 11 for services. When you file, you register your mark in the specific class or classes that match what you actually sell. The same word can belong to different owners in unrelated classes.
Classes for goods (1–34)
Classes 1 through 34 cover physical products — from chemicals and pharmaceuticals to clothing, food, and electronics. For example, class 25 covers clothing and footwear, while class 9 covers software and electronic devices. Your product determines which goods class applies.
Classes for services (35–45)
Classes 35 through 45 cover services — advertising and business (35), financial services (36), education (41), technology and software services (42), legal services (45), and more. A software company selling a subscription often files in class 42 for the service and class 9 for the software itself.
Choosing the right class
Registering in the wrong class leaves your brand unprotected where it matters and won't block competitors in your real market. List every class that covers your current and near-term offerings — each additional class adds a filing fee but broadens protection. When in doubt, an attorney can confirm your classes before filing.
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Frequently asked questions
Can the same name be trademarked by different companies?
Yes — in unrelated classes. A brand in class 25 (clothing) and an unrelated brand in class 9 (software) can coexist because they don't compete.
How many classes should I register in?
Register in every class that covers what you sell now and plan to sell soon. Each class adds a fee, so balance coverage against cost.
What happens if I pick the wrong class?
Your protection may not cover your actual goods or services, leaving gaps a competitor could exploit. Choosing carefully — or with an attorney — avoids this.